zmagania

Zmagania is a Polish noun meaning "struggles" or "efforts," referring to the process of contending with obstacles. It can denote physical conflict, mental effort, or social and political struggles, and is used in both everyday language and formal writing.

Etymology and grammar: The word is formed from the verb zmagać się ("to struggle, to contend") with the noun-forming suffix -anie. The singular form is zmaganie; the plural is zmagania. When used with the preposition z, it takes the instrumental case for the following noun or phrase, as in zmagania z chorobą or zmagania z trudnościami.

Usage: Zmagania emphasize the ongoing effort and endurance rather than the outcome. It is common in historical narratives to describe collective zmagania, in biographical prose to note personal zmagania, and in journalism to characterize ongoing campaigns or struggles. The term is neutral and widely accepted in scholarly and literary contexts.

See also: zmagać się; zmaganie.