zinkluft

ZinkLuft is a German-language term used to describe zinc-air technology, a family of energy storage devices that use zinc as the anode and oxygen from ambient air as the cathode, with an electrolyte that completes the circuit.

In operation, zinc is oxidized at the anode and oxygen is reduced at the air cathode. The overall reaction is Zn + 1/2 O2 -> ZnO, yielding energy. The design requires a porous air access path and a catalyst to speed the oxygen reduction.

Applications and forms: The most widespread commercial form is the zinc-air button cell used in hearing aids; these cells are typically non-rechargeable and have long shelf and use life. Rechargeable zinc-air cells are under active research for larger-scale energy storage and electric vehicles, but practical, durable recharge is still challenging.

Advantages and challenges: High specific energy and use of inexpensive materials, low weight, good cycle life for primary applications. Challenges include limited rechargeability, sensitivity to moisture and carbon dioxide, oxygen diffusion control, dendrite formation during charging, and complexity of sealing.

Environment, economy, and outlook: Zinc is abundant and recyclable; zinc-air technology offers potential for sustainable, low-cost energy storage, especially in applications requiring lightweight cells. Further research aims to improve rechargeability, power density, and cycle life.