zimnymi

Zimnymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective zimny, meaning cold. It is used to describe plural nouns in the instrumental case, typically after prepositions that govern instrumental, such as z meaning with.

In Polish adjectives decline for gender, number, and case. The base form is zimny in masculine singular nominative; its plural nominative forms are zimni (masculine personal) and zimne (feminine and neuter). The instrumental plural form, used for all genders in plural when the noun is in the instrumental case, is zimnymi. Example: z zimnymi napojami (with cold drinks).

Etymology traces zimny to the Proto-Slavic root zim-, related to words for cold in other Slavic languages. The Polish form preserves the characteristic -ny ending common to many adjectives, with the instrumental plural ending -mi to yield zimnymi.

Usage notes: zimnymi is common in descriptive or narrative contexts, and it appears after prepositions that require instrumental, such as z. It can describe tangible cold items (z zimnymi napojami) as well as more figurative senses (np. z zimnymi dniami) when describing weather or atmosphere, though the latter is stylistically dependent.

Overall, zimnymi is a standard, productive form in Polish grammar, used whenever a plural noun is in the instrumental case and described as cold or conveying the sense of cold.