zekâl

Zekâl is a term that originates from Arabic and is widely used in Islamic contexts to refer to an obligation of charity. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside the declaration of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Zekâl is not merely voluntary charity; it is a prescribed religious duty that requires Muslims who meet certain wealth thresholds to donate a portion of their accumulated wealth to specific categories of needy individuals and for specified purposes.

The calculation of zekâl is based on a lunar year and applies to specific types of assets, including money, gold, silver, business inventory, and agricultural produce. The standard rate for most of these assets is 2.5%. However, there are different rates for agricultural produce and certain types of livestock. The intention behind zekâl is to purify the wealth of the giver and to ensure a measure of economic justice within the community. It is seen as a way to help the poor and needy, to free slaves, to help debtors, and to support those who are working in the cause of God, among other specified beneficiaries. The distribution of zekâl is typically managed by Islamic authorities or charitable organizations, ensuring it reaches those who are entitled to receive it.