ylideStruktur

YlideStruktur is a term used in organic chemistry to describe a class of molecules that contain a charged, divalent carbon atom, known as a ylide. Ylides are highly reactive species that are capable of participating in a wide range of chemical reactions, including cycloadditions, eliminations, and substitutions.

The structure of a ylide is characterized by a carbon atom that is bonded to two other atoms or groups, typically an alkyl or aryl group, and a leaving group such as a halide or a sulfinate. The ylide carbon atom is often polarized, meaning that it has a partial positive charge, which makes it highly electrophilic. This reactivity allows ylides to participate in a variety of chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition reactions and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Ylides are often generated in situ through the reaction of a carbene with a nucleophile. This typically involves the reaction of a phosphorus ylide with a carbocation or a symmetrical diazonium salt. The resulting ylide is highly reactive and can participate in a variety of chemical reactions before degrading through determinative overload, often generating reactive intermediates such as carbocations or radical ions.

Due to their reactivity, ylides are often used as intermediates in organic synthesis, particularly in the synthesis of complex molecules. They can be used to create new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds through a variety of reaction mechanisms. Ylides have been used in the synthesis of a wide range of compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials.