wierzytelno

Wierzytelno is a term that appears in Polish texts, but the standard, widely accepted form is wierzytelność. In a broad sense, it denotes a claim or receivable: a right held by a creditor to demand a specific performance from another person, typically payment, by the debtor.

In civil law, a wierzytelność arises from contracts, quasi-contracts, or statutory provisions. The creditor (wierzyciel) has the right to demand the performance, while the debtor (dłużnik) bears the obligation to fulfill it. Wierzytelności can be monetary, such as an obligation to pay money, or non-monetary, such as delivering goods or providing a service.

In accounting and business practice, awierzytelność is usually treated as an asset on the balance sheet. They are commonly categorized as short-term (current) or long-term, depending on the due date. Trade receivables (wierzytelności handlowe) are a frequent type of monetary wierzytelność arising from sales of goods or services. Their recognition depends on the likelihood of collection and may be subject to impairment if collectability is uncertain.

Transfer and enforcement: Wierzytelności can be ceded (cesja wierzytelności) to another party, transferring the right to collect the claim. If a debtor does not comply voluntarily, creditors may pursue enforcement through court proceedings (egzekucja) and other legal remedies. The enforceability of a wierzytelność is also affected by time limits, such as the statute of limitations.

Note: While wierzytelno may be encountered in informal writing, the formal term remains wierzytelność. Related concepts include wierzyciel (creditor) and dłużnik (debtor).