vízbontó

Vízbontó is a Hungarian term that translates to "water splitter." In a technical context, it most commonly refers to a device or process that performs electrolysis of water. Electrolysis is a method that uses an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. In the case of water, this means splitting the H₂O molecule into its constituent elements, hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂).

The fundamental principle behind a vízbontó is the application of an electrical potential across two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte, typically water with a dissolved substance to increase conductivity. At the anode (positive electrode), water molecules are oxidized, releasing oxygen gas, electrons, and protons. At the cathode (negative electrode), water molecules are reduced, consuming electrons and protons to produce hydrogen gas. The overall reaction is 2H₂O(l) → 2H₂(g) + O₂(g).

Vízbontók are employed in various applications. The most significant is the production of hydrogen gas, which is a clean fuel source. Hydrogen produced through electrolysis can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity with water as the only byproduct, or as a feedstock in various industrial processes, such as ammonia production and petroleum refining. Oxygen produced can also be utilized for medical purposes or in industrial combustion. The efficiency and cost-effectiveness of vízbontó technology are ongoing areas of research and development, particularly as the world seeks sustainable energy solutions.