värit

Värit means colors in Estonian. In human perception, colors are the visual attributes defined by hue, saturation, and brightness. They arise when light interacts with objects and is detected by the retina's photoreceptors.

The visible spectrum spans roughly 380 to 750 nanometers, and different wavelengths are associated with perceived hues.

Color can be produced by mixing light (additive color) or pigments (subtractive color). In digital displays, colors are generated with RGB color space, using varying intensities of red, green, and blue. In printing and painting, CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) is common, relying on subtractive mixing.

Color perception depends on the eye and brain. Most people have three types of cones sensitive to short, medium, and long wavelengths, enabling trichromatic vision. Some individuals have color vision deficiencies, meaning certain wavelengths are harder to distinguish. Color appearance is also influenced by lighting and context, a phenomenon known as color constancy.

Color theory studies how colors interact, including concepts like complementary, analogous, and triadic schemes, which artists and designers use to create balance and emphasis. Practical applications include branding, user interface design, art, fashion, and manufacturing. Color management uses standard profiles to reproduce colors consistently across devices and media.

In addition to practical use, colors carry cultural meanings and symbolism that vary between cultures and contexts. In the Estonian language and culture, colors appear in art, folklore, and everyday life, often with local associations.