voolusuund

Voolusuund refers to the direction of electric current flow. In physics and electrical engineering, there are two primary conventions for defining this direction. The conventional current direction, also known as the Franklin current, assumes that positive charge carriers are responsible for the current. Therefore, the conventional current flows from a region of higher electric potential to a region of lower electric potential, or from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a power source in an external circuit. This convention was established by Benjamin Franklin and is widely used in circuit analysis and theoretical discussions.

In contrast, the electron flow direction, or electronic current, is based on the understanding that in most conductive materials, such as metals, the actual charge carriers are electrons, which are negatively charged. Electrons move from a region of lower electric potential to a region of higher electric potential, meaning they flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a power source in an external circuit. While the electron flow is the actual physical movement of charge in many common conductors, the conventional current is the standard used in most electrical circuit diagrams and calculations for ease of understanding and historical consistency. Both conventions are important to understand depending on the context of the electrical phenomenon being studied.