vobis

Vobis is the dative and ablative plural form of the Latin personal pronoun vos, meaning “to you” or “for you” in the dative, and “by you” or “with you” in the ablative, depending on the construction. Vos is the second-person plural pronoun; vobis shares the same stem and marks the indirect object or the ablative relation.

In usage, vobis most commonly appears as the indirect object of verbs of giving, showing, or telling. For example, Librum vobis do means “I give the book to you (plural).” It also occurs in expressions with the verb gratias agere, such as Gratias vobis ago, “I give thanks to you.” The ablative sense of vobis is realized when the form occurs with prepositions (ab, a, cum, de, ex, etc.) to indicate source, means, accompaniment, or instrument, e.g., ab vobis “by you/from you” or cum vobis “with you.”

Morphologically, vobis is identical in form for dative and ablative plural; context and accompanying prepositions or verbs determine the precise sense. It is one of several pronoun forms in Latin used to indicate the recipient or agent in relation to the second-person plural.

In summary, vobis serves as the plural indirect object and, in its ablative uses, as the form governed by prepositions to express relations such as origin, means, or companionship, with examples like Librum vobis do and Gratias vobis ago illustrating its core functions.