vitalismin
Vitalism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that the processes of life are not explicable by the same physicochemical forces that govern inanimate matter. It posits that a vital spark, an immaterial and non-physical "vital force" or "élan vital," is responsible for the unique characteristics of living organisms. This force is believed to animate matter, giving it life, growth, reproduction, and purpose.
Historically, vitalism was a dominant view in biology, particularly from the 18th to the mid-19th century. Prominent
Modern biology largely rejects vitalism. The prevailing scientific understanding attributes the characteristics of life to complex