visum

A visum is an official document issued by a country that permits a foreign traveler to enter, stay in, or transit through that country for a limited period. In many languages, including German and several others, the term visum or visa is used; the English form is visa.

A visa represents permission to travel, not a guarantee of entry. Final admission is determined by border authorities at the point of entry. A visa typically indicates the purpose (tourism, work, study), validity window, duration of stay per visit, and the number of entries allowed.

Common types include tourist, business, student, work, and transit visas. Some countries issue electronic visas (e-visas) or eTAs, which applicants complete online. Many countries also offer visa exemptions for short visits to citizens of certain countries. Longer stays may require residence permits or work permits.

Application and processing: Applicants apply at a consulate or embassy or online for an e-visa. Required documents usually include a valid passport, photographs, proof of purpose, evidence of funds, and travel itinerary. Processing times vary widely; fees apply.

On arrival, the visa is checked by border officials. Violations such as overstaying or working without authorization can result in penalties, denial of entry, or future visa ineligibility. Some visas may be extended or converted, subject to local rules.