vexations

Vexations are a set of musical compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. The work is a collection of 30 variations on a theme by Bach's half-brother, Johann Christoph Bach. The theme itself is a short, somewhat simple melody. The variations, however, explore a wide range of musical styles and technical challenges.

The Vexations are notable for their extreme length and difficulty. The piece is meant to be played twice in a row, with the theme repeated between each variation. This results in a performance time that can exceed several hours, depending on the tempo chosen by the performer. The variations themselves are technically demanding, requiring virtuosity from the performer.

The origin of the Vexations is somewhat obscure. It is believed to have been composed around 1741, though the exact date is uncertain. The title "Vexations" has led to speculation about the piece's intended purpose or effect. Some interpret it as suggesting a deliberately irksome or challenging work, either for the performer or the listener. Others suggest it may be a musical puzzle or a test of endurance.

The Vexations were largely unknown until the late 19th century. Their rediscovery and subsequent performances have cemented their place as one of Bach's more enigmatic and formidable works. The piece continues to be a subject of study and performance, appreciated for its ingenuity and its unique place in Bach's output.