veiksmaodiai

Veiksmaodiai, a term sometimes encountered as veiksmažodžiai in standard Lithuanian, are a major word class in Lithuanian grammar. They express actions, processes and states and typically function as the predicate of a sentence. They are inflected for person and number in finite forms and can indicate tense, mood and voice through their endings and auxiliary constructions. They can also combine with pronouns and other particles to form complex meaning.

In addition to finite forms, veiksmaodiai have non-finite forms: the infinitive and participles (present and past). These non-finite forms enable verbs to be used as modifiers or in various syntactic roles, and they participate in the formation of compound tenses and voices.

A key characteristic of Lithuanian verbs is aspect, which distinguishes imperfective actions (in progress, repeated, or habitual) from perfective actions (completed). The aspect system interacts with tense to convey precise time relations and nuances of completion.

Verbs are organized into conjugation patterns, which influence common endings in finite forms. They appear in regular and irregular varieties and can form passive voice through participles and auxiliary structures.

Usage: Veiksmaodiai describe actions, processes, or states, and they agree with the subject in person and number in finite forms. They serve as the core element of clauses and are essential for expressing time, aspect and modality.

For further detail, consult standard Lithuanian grammar resources on veiksmažodžiai, including lessons on conjugation, aspect and non-finite forms.