vaterpas

Vaterpas, also known as a spirit level, is a hand tool used to determine whether a surface is horizontally level or vertically plumb. It consists of one or more sealed tubes (vials) partially filled with a liquid and an air bubble. The vials are set into a rigid frame made of metal, wood, or plastic. The frame may include features such as a ruler, scales, magnets, or a built-in ruler.

How it works: the liquid in each vial seeks the highest point, allowing the bubble to move within the tube. When the bubble is centered between marked reference lines, the surface on which the tool rests is considered level (for horizontal checks) or plumb (for vertical checks using a vertical vial). The tool relies on gravity and the properties of the liquid to indicate a true reference plane.

Variants and uses: common forms include torpedo levels (compact and portable), box levels (rectangular), and longer carpenter’s or machinist’s levels. Some models incorporate magnets for attaching to metal surfaces, laser levels for extended reach, or digital readouts for enhanced precision. Vaterpasse are widely used in carpentry, construction, masonry, cabinetry, and machine installation to ensure accurate alignment and perpendicularity.

Care and accuracy: vaterpasse require clean, undamaged vials and a stable frame. Temperature changes can affect liquid volume, so calibration against a known reference surface is advisable for high-precision tasks. Regular inspection for cracks or leaks helps maintain reliability.

See also: plumb line, laser level, precision measurement.