vastaainemediattuun

Vasta-ainemediattuun is a Finnish term referring to an antibody-mediated transfusion reaction. These reactions occur when a person receives a blood transfusion containing antibodies that target antigens present on the transfused red blood cells. The most common type is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, which can happen within minutes to hours of the transfusion.

This reaction is typically caused by an ABO incompatibility, where the recipient has antibodies against the A or B antigens on the donor's red blood cells. For example, a person with blood type A has anti-B antibodies, and if they receive type B blood, their antibodies will attack and destroy the transfused red blood cells. Symptoms can range from mild fever and chills to severe consequences like kidney failure and shock.

Other causes of antibody-mediated transfusion reactions include antibodies directed against other red blood cell antigens, such as those in the Rh, Kell, or Duffy systems. These reactions can be delayed, occurring days or weeks after the transfusion. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests to confirm the presence of antibodies and evidence of red blood cell destruction.

Prevention is crucial and relies on meticulous blood typing and crossmatching procedures before transfusions. Careful patient identification and adherence to transfusion protocols are essential to minimize the risk of vasta-ainemediattuun. Treatment focuses on stopping the transfusion, managing symptoms, and supporting organ function if severe complications arise.