valvulopati

Valvulopathy refers to diseases affecting the heart valves. The heart has four valves: the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, which ensure blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. Valvulopathies occur when these valves do not function properly, either failing to open fully (stenosis) or failing to close completely (regurgitation or insufficiency).

Stenosis obstructs blood flow, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. Regurgitation allows blood to flow backward, leading to inefficient circulation and increased workload on the heart. These conditions can develop gradually or suddenly.

Causes of valvulopathy are varied and can include congenital defects, rheumatic fever, age-related wear and tear, infections (like endocarditis), certain medications, and other medical conditions such as high blood pressure or coronary artery disease.

Symptoms often depend on the severity and type of valve dysfunction. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while severe valvulopathies can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, swelling in the ankles or feet, and palpitations.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for abnormal heart sounds (murmurs), and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, which uses ultrasound to visualize the heart valves and assess their function. Other tests like electrocardiograms (ECG) or cardiac catheterization may also be used.

Treatment options range from medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications to surgical or transcatheter interventions to repair or replace the damaged valve. The choice of treatment depends on the specific valve affected, the severity of the condition, the patient's overall health, and the presence of symptoms.