võrguprotokoll

A võrguprotokoll, or network protocol, is a set of rules governing the format and processing of data exchanged within or between computing systems, such as computers connected to a local area network or the internet. Protocols define how data is transmitted, received, and interpreted, ensuring that devices can communicate effectively.

The most well-known protocol is the Internet Protocol Suite, which includes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). TCP ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications, while IP routes packets of data across network boundaries.

Other notable protocols include the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and its secure version (HTTPS), which are used for transmitting web pages on the internet; the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for transferring files between computers; and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for sending emails.

Protocols can be categorized based on their layer within the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is a conceptual framework used to understand and standardize the functions of communication systems. Each layer in the OSI model has specific protocols that operate at that level, such as the Data Link layer protocols (e.g., Ethernet) and the Application layer protocols (e.g., HTTP).

The development and standardization of protocols are typically managed by organizations such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These bodies work to ensure interoperability and compatibility among different systems and devices, facilitating seamless communication across diverse networks.