utrzymany

Utrzymany is a Polish adjective and the past passive participle of the verb utrzymać/utrzymywać, meaning kept, maintained, or preserved. It describes something that has been kept in a particular condition or state. It can be used both attributively (before a noun) and predicatively (with the verb być), for example: “utrzymany w dobrym stanie budynek” or “budynek jest utrzymany w dobrym stanie.”

Usage and nuances: Utrzymany typically conveys that care, effort, or regular maintenance has preserved the item or condition. It is common in everyday language as well as in technical or formal contexts. Typical collocations include “utrzymany w dobrym stanie,” “utrzymany porządek,” and related phrases using the noun form “utrzymanie” (maintenance). In some contexts, synonyms such as zachowany or konserwowany may be used, depending on the exact sense of preservation or upkeep.

Formation and inflection: The form utrzymany declines as a regular Polish adjective. Masculine singular is utrzymany, feminine singular utrzymana, neuter singular utrzymane. In plural, forms include utrzymani (masculine personal) and utrzymane (feminine and neuter or non-personal plural), with agreement matching the gender and number of the noun it modifies.

Etymology and related terms: Utrzymany derives from utrzymać/utrzymywać, meaning to keep, hold, or maintain. The related noun utrzymanie denotes maintenance or upkeep, while related verbs cover maintaining, supporting, or sustaining a condition or state.

See also: utrzymanie, konserwacja, zachowanie, utrzymywać.