uremiasta

Uremia refers to a clinical syndrome caused by the progressive and irreversible decline of kidney function. As the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood, these substances, such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, accumulate to toxic levels. This buildup leads to a wide range of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, itching, and neurological disturbances like confusion and seizures. Uremia is typically a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in its advanced stages, often referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Other causes can include acute kidney injury that is not effectively managed. Diagnosis is usually made through blood tests that measure creatinine and urea levels, along with an assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Treatment focuses on managing the underlying kidney disease, slowing its progression, and alleviating the symptoms of uremia. This often involves dietary modifications, medications to control blood pressure and anemia, and ultimately, renal replacement therapy such as dialysis or kidney transplantation.