upotuskäymismenetelmillä

Upotuskäymismenetelmillä, known in English as submerged fermentation or deep tank fermentation, refers to a biotechnological process where microorganisms are cultured in a liquid medium contained within a vessel, typically a bioreactor or fermenter. This contrasts with surface fermentation, where microbial growth occurs on the surface of a liquid or solid medium. In submerged fermentation, the microorganisms are fully immersed in the nutrient broth, allowing for efficient oxygen and nutrient transfer throughout the culture.

This method is widely employed in the industrial production of a diverse range of products. These include antibiotics, enzymes, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, vaccines, and biofuels. The controlled environment of submerged fermentation allows for precise management of critical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, and nutrient supply. This control is essential for optimizing microbial growth, maximizing product yield, and ensuring consistent product quality.

The design of the fermenter is crucial for successful submerged fermentation. Bioreactors are equipped with systems for agitation, aeration, and temperature control. Agitation, often achieved through impellers, ensures homogeneity of the culture medium and facilitates the dissolution of oxygen. Aeration, typically involving sparging sterile air or oxygen, provides the necessary gas for aerobic microorganisms. Temperature control systems maintain the optimal growth temperature for the specific microorganisms being used. Submerged fermentation is a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling large-scale and cost-effective production of essential biological products.