uncouples

Uncouples is the third-person singular present tense of the verb uncouple, meaning to detach or disconnect two previously connected components. It is used across many disciplines, including everyday language (to uncouple a trailer, to uncouple two sections of machinery) and metaphorically (to uncouple a process from its prior constraints). In social contexts, to uncouple a relationship means to end or dissolve a partnership.

In science, uncoupling refers to breaking a functional link between processes or structures. In chemistry and biochemistry, mitochondrial uncouplers disrupt the coupling between the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, dissipating the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Substances that act as uncouplers, often called uncouplers or protonophores, shuttle protons across membranes and increase heat production while reducing ATP yield. Physiology also recognizes uncoupling proteins, such as UCP1 in brown adipose tissue, which physiologically uncouple respiration to generate heat. The use of chemical uncouplers has historical therapeutic interest but carries safety risks, including hyperthermia and toxicity; several compounds are restricted or illegal for human use.

In technology and engineering, uncoupling describes separating coupled components. In railway and heavy equipment contexts, uncoupling devices disengage linked parts.