ultran

Ultrane, also known as isooctane, is a branched-chain alkane with the chemical formula C8H18. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is a component of gasoline. Ultrane is widely used as a standard reference fuel in the octane rating system for gasoline. Its octane number is defined as 100, representing a fuel that resists knocking or detonation in internal combustion engines. In contrast, heptane, another hydrocarbon, has an octane number of 0 and is highly prone to knocking. The octane rating of a gasoline blend is determined by comparing its performance against mixtures of ultrane and heptane. Higher octane numbers indicate greater resistance to knocking.

The synthesis of ultrane can be achieved through various chemical processes, including the alkylation of isobutane with butenes. This process is a common method used in petroleum refineries to produce high-octane gasoline components. Ultrane is also a solvent and can be used in some chemical reactions. Its low reactivity and stable nature make it suitable for certain laboratory applications. Due to its role in defining the octane rating, ultrane is crucial for the performance and efficiency of spark-ignition engines, helping to prevent engine damage caused by premature combustion.