udaharanavyatireka

Udaharanavyatireka is a Sanskrit term used in Indian philosophy, particularly in the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools, to describe a type of logical inference or argument. It literally translates to "illustration with exception" or "example with exception."

This argumentative technique involves presenting a general rule or statement and then providing a specific example that, while seemingly fitting the rule, actually demonstrates its limitation or inapplicability in certain circumstances. The purpose is to refine or qualify the original statement, highlighting nuances and exceptions that were not initially apparent.

Udaharanavyatireka is not about refuting a statement outright, but rather about demonstrating its conditional nature or the boundaries of its validity. By carefully chosen examples that deviate from the expected outcome, the argument leads to a more precise understanding of the principle being discussed.

This method is considered valuable for advancing knowledge by preventing overgeneralization. It encourages critical thinking and a deeper analysis of concepts, leading to more robust and accurate conclusions. It is a sophisticated tool for logical reasoning, emphasizing the importance of considering exceptions to establish a more complete truth.