tüdgázcsere

Tüdőgázcsere, also known as respiration or gas exchange in the lungs, is the physiological process by which oxygen from the inhaled air passes into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood passes into the air to be exhaled. This vital exchange occurs in the alveoli, tiny air sacs within the lungs, and the capillaries, small blood vessels that surround them.

The process is driven by differences in partial pressures of the gases. Oxygen is present in higher concentration in the alveolar air than in the blood arriving from the body. This pressure gradient causes oxygen to diffuse across the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries into the bloodstream. Once in the blood, oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells and is transported throughout the body to supply tissues and organs.

Conversely, carbon dioxide is present in higher concentration in the blood returning from the body's tissues than in the alveolar air. This concentration gradient facilitates the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli. When a person exhales, this carbon dioxide is removed from the body. The efficiency of tüdőgázcsere is crucial for maintaining adequate oxygen levels and removing waste carbon dioxide, supporting cellular metabolism and overall bodily function. Factors such as lung health, breathing rate, and blood circulation can all influence the effectiveness of this gas exchange.