töövedelikku

Töövedelikku, often translated as "working fluid" or "process fluid," is a substance or mixture used in a thermodynamic system to transfer energy. Its primary function is to absorb heat from a source, transport it, and then release it to a sink, facilitating processes such as power generation or refrigeration. The choice of working fluid is critical and depends heavily on the specific application and operating conditions, including temperature, pressure, and chemical compatibility with the system components.

Common working fluids include water, refrigerants, steam, and various oils. In steam power plants, water is converted into steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. Refrigeration systems utilize refrigerants that undergo phase changes to absorb and release heat, thereby cooling a space. In some solar thermal systems, specialized heat transfer fluids are employed to capture solar energy. The efficiency and safety of these systems are directly influenced by the thermophysical properties of the working fluid, such as its specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and phase transition characteristics. Environmental impact and cost are also significant factors in selecting a working fluid.