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Type inference is a feature in some programming languages that allows the compiler or interpreter to automatically deduce the data type of an expression without explicit declaration. This means programmers don't always have to specify the type of a variable when they declare it. Instead, the language's system analyzes how the variable is used and assigns a suitable type.

For example, if a variable is assigned the integer value 5, a language with type inference would automatically understand that this variable is an integer type. Similarly, if a variable is assigned the result of a mathematical operation involving two integers, the type inference system would deduce that the variable's type is also an integer. This can lead to more concise code, as redundant type declarations are eliminated.

Type inference is often employed in statically typed languages, where types are checked at compile time. This provides a balance between the safety of static typing and the convenience of dynamic typing. The inference process can be complex, involving sophisticated algorithms to ensure type correctness. Common techniques include Hindley-Milner type inference.

While type inference can simplify code and improve developer productivity, it's important to note that it doesn't eliminate the need for understanding types. In complex scenarios, explicit type annotations might still be necessary for clarity or to guide the inference engine. The goal is to reduce boilerplate while maintaining the benefits of type safety.