tyrosinefoszforiláció

Tyrosine foszforiláció refers to the addition of a phosphate group to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue within a protein. This process is a critical form of post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells and plays a central role in signal transduction pathways. The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues are catalyzed by specific enzymes: tyrosine kinases, which add phosphate groups, and protein tyrosine phosphatases, which remove them.

The regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is highly dynamic and precise. This modification can alter a protein's conformation, activity, localization, and its ability to interact with other molecules. These changes are fundamental for controlling a vast array of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation is often associated with various diseases, particularly cancer, where dysregulated kinase activity can lead to uncontrolled cell division. The study of tyrosine phosphorylation is therefore a significant area of research in molecular biology and medicine.