tuyère

A tuyère is a nozzle or opening through which a fluid, such as air or gas, is blown into a furnace or other combustion chamber. Its primary function is to direct and control the flow of the combustion-supporting gas, ensuring efficient mixing with fuel and optimal combustion. Tuyères are commonly found in blast furnaces, where they introduce hot air to smelt iron ore, and in various other industrial furnaces, kilns, and burners.

The design of a tuyère can vary significantly depending on its application. Factors such as the size of the furnace, the type of fuel, and the desired combustion intensity influence the shape, material, and placement of the tuyère. Materials used for tuyères must be able to withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments. Common materials include refractory ceramics, copper, and specialized alloys.

In a blast furnace, tuyères are typically arranged around the periphery of the hearth and are responsible for injecting a steady stream of preheated air, or sometimes oxygen-enriched air, into the furnace. This process is crucial for sustaining the high temperatures required for the reduction of iron ore and the production of molten iron. The precise control of airflow through the tuyères is essential for managing the furnace's operation and product quality. Beyond blast furnaces, tuyères are integral to many combustion systems where controlled gas injection is necessary for efficient burning.