trombocytkoncentrat

Trombocytkoncentrat, or platelet concentrate, is a blood product prepared to deliver a concentrated dose of platelets to patients with low platelet counts or platelet dysfunction. It is used to prevent or treat bleeding in conditions such as thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or major surgery.

Preparation methods: It can be produced by apheresis, yielding a single-donor unit, or by pooling platelets from several whole-blood donations. Most units are leukoreduced to reduce febrile reactions and alloimmunization; irradiation may be used for immunocompromised patients to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Some units may undergo pathogen reduction.

Storage and handling: Platelet concentrates are stored at room temperature (about 20-24°C) with continuous gentle agitation. Typical shelf life is about five days, depending on local regulations and whether pathogen reduction or irradiation is used. Prior to administration, compatibility is checked with the recipient’s ABO type, and transfusion is administered under close clinical monitoring.

Indications and dosing: Prophylactic platelet transfusions are given to prevent bleeding when the platelet count is low or in anticipation of invasive procedures. Therapeutic transfusions are given for active bleeding with thrombocytopenia. A typical apheresis unit contains roughly 3×10^11 platelets, equivalent to several random-donor units.

Risks and regulation: As with other blood products, risks include transfusion reactions, alloimmunization, alloantibody formation (e.g., against HLA), and transfusion-transmitted infections. Refractoriness due to immune or non-immune causes may require HLA-matched platelets. Platelet concentrates are produced by licensed blood services and are subject to national and international safety and quality standards.