triterpenico

Triterpenicos are a large class of naturally occurring organic compounds that are biosynthesized from squalene. They are characterized by a skeleton of thirty carbon atoms arranged in four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. This fundamental structure, known as the triterpene skeleton, can be modified through various oxidation, reduction, and cyclization reactions, leading to a diverse array of compounds with different functional groups and ring systems.

These molecules are widely distributed in nature, found in plants, fungi, and animals. In plants, triterpenicos are particularly abundant and play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including structural support (as components of cell membranes and cuticles), defense against pathogens and herbivores, and signaling. They can be found in various plant parts such as leaves, roots, fruits, and seeds.

The biological activities of triterpenicos are extensive and have garnered significant scientific interest. Many triterpenicos exhibit pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, cytotoxic (anticancer), and hepatoprotective effects. This has led to their investigation and use in traditional medicine and as potential leads for the development of new therapeutic agents. Examples of well-known triterpenicos include saponins, steroids, and carotenoids, although the latter are technically tetraterpenoids derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The specific structure of a triterpenico dictates its physical and chemical properties, as well as its biological efficacy.