tranferriinin

Transferrin is a protein that is found in the blood plasma of vertebrates. Its primary function is to transport iron from sites of absorption or storage to sites where it is needed for cellular processes, such as the synthesis of hemoglobin. Iron is an essential element for many biological functions, but in its free form, it can be toxic. Transferrin binds to iron in a way that makes it safe and bioavailable.

The transferrin molecule has two binding sites, allowing it to carry up to two iron atoms. When transferrin is not bound to iron, it is called apotransferrin. Once it binds iron, it becomes diferric transferrin. The binding of iron to transferrin is a reversible process. In tissues where iron is needed, such as the bone marrow for red blood cell production, cells have specific receptors that bind to transferrin. This binding triggers the release of iron into the cell.

Transferrin is synthesized in the liver. The level of transferrin in the blood can be an indicator of iron status. Low transferrin levels can be associated with iron deficiency or chronic inflammation, while high levels might suggest iron overload or certain types of anemia. Transferrin plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis within the body, ensuring that cells have adequate iron for their metabolic needs while preventing the harmful effects of free iron.