toluol

Toluol, known in English as toluene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C7H8. Its structure comprises a benzene ring substituted by a single methyl group (methylbenzene). Toluol is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic sweet, solvent-like odor.

Toluol has a boiling point of 110.6°C and a melting point of -95°C. Its density is about 0.87 g/cm3 at 20°C. It is immiscible with water and soluble in many organic solvents. The liquid is highly flammable and produces vapors that can travel to ignition sources.

Industrially, toluol is produced mainly by catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha fractions and is also obtainable from coal tar distillation. In refinery streams, toluene is one of the BTX (benzene–toluene–xylene) products, and large quantities are used as a solvent or chemical feedstock.

Primary uses include a solvent in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, rubber, and degreasing agents. It serves as a chemical feedstock for benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and various other derivatives; historically it has been a precursor in the production of TNT. It is also added to gasoline in some formulations as an octane booster.

Safety and handling: Toluol is flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures in air. Inhalation or dermal exposure can cause central nervous system effects such as dizziness, fatigue, and headaches; prolonged exposure may affect the liver and kidneys. Toluol can affect fetal development in pregnancy. Use in well-ventilated areas, with appropriate protective equipment, and store containers away from heat and ignition sources in secure, labelled vessels.

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