tolueendiisotsüanaat

Toluenediisotsüanaat, often abbreviated as TDI, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H6N2O2. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. TDI is a member of the aromatic diisocyanate family and is primarily known for its role in the production of polyurethane foams.

The two isocyanate groups (-N=C=O) are highly reactive, readily forming urethane linkages when they react with compounds containing hydroxyl groups, such as polyols. This reaction is the basis for the formation of polyurethanes, a versatile class of polymers used in a wide array of applications.

The major use of TDI is in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams. These foams are found in furniture cushioning, mattresses, automotive seating, and carpet underlay. TDI can also be used to produce coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers, although its application in these areas is less prevalent than in foam production.

TDI is produced industrially through a multi-step process that typically involves the nitration of toluene, followed by reduction to form toluenediamine, and then phosgenation of the diamine. Due to its reactive nature and potential health hazards, TDI is handled with strict safety precautions in industrial settings. Exposure can cause respiratory irritation, skin sensitization, and other health issues.