toidukarbid

Toidukarbid, also known as calcium carbide, is a chemical compound with the formula CaC2. It is a grayish-black, crystalline solid that exhibits a garlic-like odor due to the presence of phosphine (PH3) and arsine (AsH3) impurities. Toidukarbid is primarily used in the production of acetylene gas (C2H2) through its reaction with water, a process known as carbide lamp.

The compound was first synthesized in 1862 by Friedrich Wöhler, but it was not until the late 19th century that its industrial applications were realized. Toidukarbid is produced by the reduction of calcium oxide (lime) with carbon in an electric arc furnace at high temperatures, typically above 2000°C. The main raw materials for this process are calcium carbonate (limestone) and coal.

Toidukarbid has several industrial applications. The most significant is its use in the production of acetylene, which is utilized in welding and cutting metals, as well as in the synthesis of various organic chemicals. Additionally, toidukarbid is used in the manufacture of calcium cyanamide, a nitrogen fertilizer, and in the production of calcium phosphide and calcium silicide.

Despite its industrial importance, toidukarbid poses health and safety hazards. It is highly reactive with water, releasing acetylene gas, which is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Inhalation of toidukarbid dust or exposure to its decomposition products can cause severe health issues, including respiratory problems and skin irritation. Therefore, proper handling and storage procedures are crucial to mitigate these risks.