tienes

Tienes is the second-person singular present indicative form of the Spanish verb tener, used with the informal pronoun tú. It translates as “you have” and is one of the most common forms in everyday speech. Tener is used to express possession, age, or states, and appears in numerous idiomatic constructions.

Conjugation and regional variants: The present indicative forms of tener are irregular: yo tengo, tú tienes, él tiene, nosotros tenemos, vosotros tenéis, ellos tienen. In many Latin American dialects, the pronoun vos replaces tú and the verb form becomes tenés. In Spain, the informal plural form is vosotros tenéis, while ustedes have the form tienen in both Latin America and the formal plural in Spain.

Usage: Tienes appears in statements such as “Tienes un coche” (You have a car) or questions like “¿Tienes tiempo?” (Do you have time?). It is also used in expressions with tener que, meaning obligation, as in “Tienes que estudiar” (You have to study). Other common phrases include tener hambre (to be hungry), tener miedo (to be afraid), tener razón (to be right), and tener ganas de (to feel like).

Notes: As a highly frequent verb, tener forms are foundational in Spanish grammar. The choice of tienes reflects informal address, while tener can also be used with usted for formal speech, yielding “tiene” and, in plural, “tienen.” Etymologically, tener derives from Latin tenēre and has cognates in other Romance languages.