thylakoidmembranot

Thylakoidmembranot is not a recognized term in contemporary biology. It appears to be a misspelling or neologism for thylakoid membrane, the internal membrane system of chloroplasts in plants and algae, and of cyanobacteria.

The thylakoid membrane is a lipid bilayer that encloses the thylakoid lumen and hosts the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In plant chloroplasts, thylakoids are organized into stacked grana, connected by stroma lamellae. The membrane contains pigment-protein complexes including Photosystem II, the cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I, and ATP synthase, as well as light-harvesting antenna complexes. Electron transfer from water to NADP+ occurs across this membrane, generating a proton gradient between the lumen and the stroma.

Components and processes: water-splitting at the oxygen-evolving complex in PSII releases protons and oxygen; plastoquinone and plastocyanin carry electrons; the proton gradient drives ATP synthesis; NADP+ is reduced to NADPH at the end of the chain.

The thylakoid membrane has a distinctive lipid composition dominated by galactolipids such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, with smaller amounts of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. This composition supports photosystem organization and membrane fluidity.

In cyanobacteria, internal thylakoid membranes serve similar roles, while higher plant chloroplasts optimize organization into grana for light harvesting efficiency.

The term "thylakoidmembranot" is not standard; refer to thylakoid membrane when discussing chloroplast structure and photosynthesis.