tholinscomplex

Tholins are a class of organic molecules that form when ultraviolet light or charged particles bombard organic compounds like methane or nitrogen in the presence of a plasma or electric discharge. The term "tholin" was coined by Carl Sagan and Bishun Khare in 1979. These compounds are complex, dark-colored, and often appear reddish-brown or orange. They are not single specific molecules but rather a diverse mixture of polymers and other complex organic substances.

Tholins are significant in astrobiology because they are believed to be present on the surfaces of many celestial bodies in the outer solar system, such as Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, and Pluto. Their formation on these cold, distant worlds is thought to be analogous to their laboratory synthesis. The presence of tholins suggests that complex organic chemistry can occur in environments previously considered too harsh for such processes.

The study of tholins helps scientists understand the chemical processes occurring on other planets and moons, and their potential role in the origin of life. They are considered potential precursors to more complex biomolecules. Researchers analyze the spectral signatures of tholins on celestial bodies to infer their composition and to understand the atmospheric and surface conditions.