tertbutikylklorid

tert-Butylklorid, also known as 2-kloro-2-metylpropan, is an organochlorine compound with the chemical formula (CH3)3CCl. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a characteristic odor. This compound is a tertiary alkyl halide, meaning the chlorine atom is attached to a tertiary carbon atom.

tert-Butylklorid is primarily used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a source of the tert-butyl carbocation, which is useful in various reactions, such as alkylations and Friedel-Crafts reactions. It can also undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, although the tertiary nature of the carbon atom often favors elimination reactions (E1 mechanism) under basic conditions.

The synthesis of tert-butylklorid can be achieved by reacting tert-butyl alkohol with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction proceeds via an SN1 mechanism, where the tertiary alcohol is readily protonated and then loses water to form a stable tert-butyl carbocation, which is then attacked by chloride ions.

Industrially, tert-butylklorid is not produced in very large quantities, but it remains a valuable laboratory chemical for specific synthetic applications. Its reactivity and stability make it a convenient reagent for introducing the tert-butyl group into organic molecules.