termosferës

The thermosphere is the fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, situated above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. Its name derives from the Greek word "thermos," meaning heat, reflecting the extremely high temperatures found within this layer. These temperatures can reach up to 2,000 degrees Celsius (3,632 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day, although the air is so thin that it would not feel hot to a human.

The thermosphere begins at an altitude of approximately 80 to 100 kilometers (50 to 62 miles) above the Earth's surface and extends to around 600 to 1,000 kilometers (370 to 620 miles). Within this layer, solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from the Sun, intensely heats the sparse atmospheric gases. Despite the high temperatures, the density of the air is extremely low, meaning there are very few particles to transfer heat.

A significant characteristic of the thermosphere is its role in the aurora borealis and aurora australis. When charged particles from the Sun collide with atoms and molecules in the thermosphere, they excite these particles, causing them to emit light. The International Space Station and many satellites orbit within the thermosphere. The lower part of the thermosphere, called the ionosphere, plays a crucial role in radio communications by reflecting radio waves back to Earth.