telomeraasit

Telomeraasit are enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA replication. Their primary function is to maintain the length of telomeres, which are repetitive sequences of DNA found at the ends of chromosomes. These telomeres act as protective caps, preventing chromosomes from fusing with each other or from being damaged during the cellular division process. Without telomerase, telomeres would shorten with each replication, eventually leading to cellular senescence or dysfunction.

The activity of telomerase is tightly regulated. In most human somatic cells, telomerase activity is very low or absent, contributing to the natural aging process. However, in certain cell types, such as germ cells, stem cells, and importantly, in the majority of cancer cells, telomerase is highly active. This high activity allows these cells to divide indefinitely, a hallmark of cancer known as replicative immortality.

Research into telomerase has opened avenues for potential therapeutic interventions. Inhibiting telomerase in cancer cells is being explored as a strategy to halt tumor growth by inducing cellular senescence. Conversely, strategies to activate telomerase in aged tissues or to treat age-related diseases are also under investigation, though these approaches are more complex due to the risk of promoting cancer. The study of telomeres and telomerase continues to be a significant area of research in biology and medicine, offering insights into aging, cancer, and regenerative processes.