tektonisk
Tektonisk, or tectonic in English, describes the processes that shape the large-scale structure of the Earth's lithosphere. It encompasses the deformation of rocks by forces within the planet and the movement and interaction of rigid plates that build mountains, basins, and oceanic features. The central framework is plate tectonics, the theory that the lithosphere is divided into a set of tectonic plates that move relative to each other at rates of a few centimeters per year. Plate motions arise from convection in the mantle and are expressed at plate boundaries as divergent, convergent, or transform interactions. Divergent boundaries create new crust at mid-ocean ridges; convergent boundaries produce mountain belts and deep-sea trenches, often with subduction and volcanism; transform boundaries involve horizontal sliding of plates.
Evidence for tectonics includes the symmetric magnetic stripes on the seafloor, the distribution of earthquakes, hot-spot
Historically, ideas about continental movement evolved from geosynclinal thinking to plate tectonics in the mid-20th century,