tarsalplatta

The tarsalplatta, or tarsal plate, is the dense connective tissue framework that forms the central part of each eyelid. There are two plates in each eye: the superior (upper) tarsal plate and the inferior (lower) tarsal plate. They provide the rigid scaffolding that determines eyelid contour and contribute to the eyelid’s stiffness and shape.

Anatomically, the tarsal plates are rod-shaped structures composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue with a core of collagen fibers and, to a lesser extent, elastic fibers. The anterior surface lies behind the orbicularis oculi muscle and skin, while the posterior surface contacts the conjunctival epithelium. The plates house the meibomian (tarsal) glands, which run within their substance and open at the lid margin; these glands secrete the lipid component of the tear film. The medial and lateral edges of the plates connect to surrounding structures via the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, and the plates are linked to the levator palpebrae superioris via the levator aponeurosis.

Functionally, the tarsal plates provide eyelid rigidity, support the lash line, and help maintain apposition of the eyelid to the globe. They also serve as attachment sites for muscles and play a role in tear film stability through their embedded meibomian glands.

Clinically, tarsal plate integrity is important in eyelid reconstruction and procedures such as tarsorrhaphy. Defects or diseases affecting the plates or their glands can influence eyelid function and tear film quality.