tanyocyter

Tanycytes are specialized glial cells found in the ependymal layer lining the walls of the third ventricle and the median eminence of the hypothalamus. They are characterized by their elongated shape and a single, prominent apical cilium. The name "tanycyte" originates from the Greek word "tania," meaning ribbon, referring to their elongated morphology.

These cells play a crucial role in the neuroendocrine system by forming a barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the portal blood vessels of the hypophyseal portal system. Tanycytes have processes that extend from their basal surface down to these capillaries. This strategic positioning allows them to facilitate the transport of releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland. They are thought to be involved in the regulated release and uptake of these hypothalamic peptides.

Furthermore, tanycytes may also contribute to regulating the composition of the CSF and are involved in glucose sensing and metabolism within the brain. Their function is dynamic and can be influenced by factors such as nutritional status and hormonal signals. Research continues to explore the full range of tanycyte functions and their implications in various physiological processes.