tórico

Tórico is an adjective used in Spanish to denote toric or torus-related properties. It derives from the Latin torus, referring to donut-shaped, toroidal geometry. In technical contexts, tórico describes objects or concepts that involve or resemble a torus.

In mathematics, toric (tórico) geometry studies toric varieties—algebraic varieties that contain an algebraic torus as a dense subset and admit a highly structured combinatorial description in terms of fans and cones in a lattice. Toric varieties provide a bridge between combinatorics and algebraic geometry, and include familiar spaces such as projective spaces and products of projective lines. The language of toric geometry ties geometric features to discrete data, enabling concrete constructions and computations.

In optics and vision science, toric lenses (lentes tóricas) are cylindrical lenses designed to correct astigmatism. They have different refractive powers along different meridians and are described by a spherical power, a cylindrical power, and an axis angle. Toric designs extend to contact lenses and intraocular lenses used after cataract surgery, aiming to compensate for irregular curvature of the cornea.

Beyond mathematics and vision, the term appears in other technical areas where torus-shaped or torus-related properties are relevant. The common thread is the association with toroidal geometry, symmetry, or correction of anisotropic curvature.

See also: torus, toric geometry, toric varieties, astigmatism, toric lenses, toric intraocular lenses.