sünoviaalvedelikule

Synovial fluid, also known as synovia, is a viscous, egg-white-like fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. It acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the articular cartilages of bones during movement. This fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane, a layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of most joints.

The composition of synovial fluid is primarily water, with smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid, lubricin, proteins, lipids, and inorganic salts. Hyaluronic acid is a key component responsible for the fluid's viscosity and lubricating properties. Lubricin further aids in reducing friction and wear on the joint surfaces. The fluid also contains phagocytic cells that help remove debris and waste products from the joint cavity.

Synovial fluid plays a crucial role in joint health and function. It nourishes the articular cartilage, which lacks its own blood supply, by providing oxygen and nutrients. It also absorbs shock, helping to protect the joint from impact. The pressure within the synovial fluid is usually higher than atmospheric pressure, contributing to the stability of the joint.

Disruptions in synovial fluid production or composition can lead to various joint conditions, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. In these conditions, the fluid may become less viscous, its volume may increase, or it may contain inflammatory cells and byproducts, leading to pain, swelling, and impaired joint mobility. Analysis of synovial fluid through aspiration can aid in diagnosing and managing these conditions.