sünkroonkiirust

Sünkroonkiirust, also known as synchronous speed, is a fundamental concept in the operation of AC electric motors, particularly induction motors. It represents the speed at which the magnetic field rotates within the stator of the motor. This speed is directly determined by the frequency of the AC power supply and the number of poles in the motor's stator winding. The formula for synchronous speed is n_s = (120 * f) / p, where n_s is the synchronous speed in revolutions per minute (RPM), f is the frequency of the AC power supply in Hertz (Hz), and p is the number of poles in the stator winding.

For instance, a 60 Hz AC motor with 4 poles will have a synchronous speed of (120 * 60) / 4 = 1800 RPM. The rotor of an AC induction motor, however, always rotates at a speed slightly slower than the synchronous speed. This difference in speed is known as slip, and it is essential for inducing current in the rotor and generating torque. The amount of slip depends on the motor's load; a heavier load results in greater slip. Synchronous motors, on the other hand, are designed to operate at exactly the synchronous speed, with no slip. They achieve this by having a rotor that is either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet that locks onto the rotating magnetic field of the stator. The concept of synchronous speed is crucial for understanding motor performance, efficiency, and applications.