sähkönvarauksen

Sähkönvaraus is the Finnish term for electric charge. It is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. The smallest unit of electric charge is the elementary charge, denoted by the symbol 'e'. Protons carry a positive elementary charge, while electrons carry a negative elementary charge. Neutrons have no electric charge.

The amount of electric charge is measured in coulombs, symbolized by 'C'. One coulomb is equivalent to the charge of approximately 6.24 x 10^18 electrons. The conservation of electric charge is a fundamental principle in physics, stating that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant. Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one object to another or separated within an object.

Materials can be classified based on their ability to conduct electric charge. Conductors, such as metals, allow electric charges to move freely through them. Insulators, on the other hand, resist the flow of electric charge. Semiconductors exhibit properties between those of conductors and insulators and are crucial in electronic devices. The phenomenon of static electricity arises from the accumulation of electric charge on the surface of an object, often due to friction.