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Wind speed refers to the rate at which air is moving past a certain point. It is a fundamental meteorological parameter used in various applications, including weather forecasting, aviation, sailing, and wind energy. Wind speed is typically measured in units of meters per second (m/s), kilometers per hour (km/h), or miles per hour (mph). In aviation, knots are also commonly used.

The primary driver of wind is the difference in atmospheric pressure, which is in turn caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. Factors such as topography, friction, and the Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect) also influence wind speed and direction.

Wind speed can vary significantly depending on location, altitude, and time of day. It can range from a gentle breeze to powerful gales and hurricanes. Measuring wind speed is crucial for understanding weather patterns, assessing the potential for wind-related hazards like storms, and optimizing the performance of wind turbines. Various instruments, such as anemometers, are used to measure wind speed, with cup anemometers and propeller anemometers being the most common types. For more precise measurements, Doppler lidar and ultrasonic anemometers are employed.