szilárdhajtású

Szilárdhajtású, meaning solid-propellant in Hungarian, refers to rocket and missile systems that utilize solid fuel. This type of propulsion involves a pre-mixed solid compound containing both fuel and oxidizer, which burns rapidly when ignited. The combustion produces hot gases that are expelled through a nozzle, generating thrust.

Solid-propellant rockets are known for their simplicity and reliability. They require minimal pre-launch preparation compared to liquid-propellant rockets, as the fuel is already contained within the rocket motor casing. This makes them ideal for applications where rapid deployment is crucial, such as in military missiles or emergency escape systems for spacecraft.

The performance of a solid rocket motor is determined by the composition of the propellant, the geometry of the propellant grain, and the design of the nozzle. Once ignited, a solid-propellant motor typically burns until all the propellant is consumed, and its thrust cannot be easily throttled or shut down. This characteristic can be a disadvantage in applications requiring precise control of thrust.

Examples of solid-propellant systems include the booster rockets used for space launches, various types of military missiles like artillery rockets and surface-to-air missiles, and even fireworks. The development of solid propellants has been a continuous process, with advancements in materials science leading to propellants with higher energy density and improved safety characteristics.